Examples of electron density

Figures from Bernhard Rupp's book "Biomolecular Crystallography" (with permission by the author)

You can see the full-size, high-resolution figure by clicking on it.

Cis-peptide bond and its electron density

Covalently modified residues

Covalent binding of ligands

Additives mediating intermolecular contacts

Heavy-atom derivatization of a protein

The trimeric bacterial outer membrane protein OprP

Chemically modified lysine residue (Dimethyllysine)

Glycosylated residues stabilizing homodimer

Uranium-atom solution and Fourier truncation ripples

Solvent molecules (water, MPD, Mg2+)

Split side-chain conformations

Se-Met residues and chloride ion

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