Examples of electron density

Figures from Bernhard Rupp's book "Biomolecular Crystallography" (with permission by the author)

There is more material (all figures, citations, tutorials) at the book's overview page.

You can see the full-size, high-resolution figure by clicking on it.

Cis-peptide bond and its electron density

 


Covalently modified residues

 


Covalent binding of ligands

 


Additives mediating intermolecular contacts

 

Heavy-atom derivatization of a protein

 


The trimeric bacterial outer membrane protein OprP

 

Chemically modified lysine residue (Dimethyllysine)

 


Glycosylated residues stabilizing homodimer

 


Uranium-atom solution and Fourier truncation ripples

 


Solvent molecules (water, MPD, Mg2+)

 

Pete Duncan noticed that PDB 2nls should most likely be 1nls .


Split side-chain conformations

 


Se-Met residues and chloride ion