SILICON
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SILICON= tells XDS what the absorption coefficient of the detector material is. This needs to be known for two reasons:
- in case of oblique incidence of diffracted x-rays on the detector, the path through the detector's absorbing material is longer than for vertical incidence, so more x-rays are absorbed
- in that situation, the center of gravity of the absorbed x-rays is not at the same position as for an infinitely thin detector, so a positional correction is required
Both corrections are usually only required at very high resolution, or rather, high two-theta.
Actually, if the detector material is silicon, the absorption coefficient is calculated internally within XDS, thus SILICON= is not required. If however the detector material is GADOX (gadolinium oxysulphide, as used e.g. for ADSC and Mar/Rayonix CCD detectors), then the absorption coefficient can be obtained from the table below, and should be entered manually into the line that has SILICON= in XDS.INP (if required, after uncommenting that line).
SILICON is only useful if SENSOR_THICKNESS is also specified. For the Pilatus detector, the value to be used can usually be obtained from the frame header. For CCD detectors, a typical value of SENSOR_THICKNESS is 0.031, and the SILICON= values in the table are correct for that.
Thanks to James Holton and Jason Price for coming up with the SENSOR_THICKNESS value of 0.031, and the table of SILICON= values!
eV SILICON= 4000 257.118 4016.02 254.54 4032.03 251.997 4048.05 249.488 4064.06 247.013 4080.08 244.572 4096.1 242.163 4112.11 239.786 4128.13 237.44 4144.14 235.126 4160.16 232.842 4176.18 230.588 4192.19 228.363 4208.21 226.168 4224.22 224.001 4240.24 221.862 4256.26 219.751 4272.27 217.667 4288.29 215.61 4304.3 213.579 4320.32 211.574 4336.34 209.595 4352.35 207.64 4368.37 205.711 4384.38 203.805 4400.4 201.924 4416.42 200.066 4432.43 198.231 4448.45 196.419 4464.46 194.629 4480.48 192.862 4496.5 191.116 4512.51 189.392 4528.53 187.688 4544.54 186.006 4560.56 184.344 4576.58 182.702 4592.59 181.08 4608.61 179.477 4624.62 177.894 4640.64 176.33 4656.66 174.784 4672.67 173.257 4688.69 171.747 4704.7 170.256 4720.72 168.782 4736.74 167.326 4752.75 165.886 4768.77 164.464 4784.78 163.058 4800.8 161.668 4816.82 160.294 4832.83 158.936 4848.85 157.594 4864.86 156.267 4880.88 154.955 4896.9 153.659 4912.91 152.377 4928.93 151.109 4944.94 149.856 4960.96 148.617 4976.98 147.392 4992.99 146.18 5009.01 144.982 5025.03 143.798 5041.04 142.626 5057.06 141.468 5073.07 140.322 5089.09 139.189 5105.11 138.068 5121.12 136.959 5137.14 135.863 5153.15 134.779 5169.17 133.706 5185.19 132.645 5201.2 131.595 5217.22 130.557 5233.23 129.53 5249.25 128.513 5265.27 127.508 5281.28 126.513 5297.3 125.529 5313.31 124.555 5329.33 123.591 5345.35 122.638 5361.36 121.694 5377.38 120.761 5393.39 119.837 5409.41 118.923 5425.43 118.018 5441.44 117.122 5457.46 116.236 5473.47 115.359 5489.49 114.491 5505.51 113.632 5521.52 112.781 5537.54 111.939 5553.55 111.106 5569.57 110.281 5585.59 109.464 5601.6 108.656 5617.62 107.856 5633.63 107.063 5649.65 106.279 5665.67 105.503 5681.68 104.734 5697.7 103.972 5713.71 103.219 5729.73 102.472 5745.75 101.733 5761.76 101.001 5777.78 100.277 5793.79 99.5592 5809.81 98.8486 5825.83 98.1448 5841.84 97.4479 5857.86 96.7577 5873.87 96.0741 5889.89 95.397 5905.91 94.7264 5921.92 94.0623 5937.94 93.4044 5953.95 92.7528 5969.97 92.1073 5985.99 91.4679 6002 90.8346 6018.02 90.2072 6034.03 89.5856 6050.05 88.9699 6066.07 88.3599 6082.08 87.7556 6098.1 87.1568 6114.11 86.5637 6130.13 85.9759 6146.15 85.3936 6162.16 84.8166 6178.18 84.245 6194.19 83.6785 6210.21 83.1172 6226.23 82.561 6242.24 82.0098 6258.26 81.4636 6274.27 80.9223 6290.29 80.3859 6306.31 79.8543 6322.32 79.3275 6338.34 78.8054 6354.35 78.2879 6370.37 77.775 6386.39 77.2667 6402.4 76.7629 6418.42 76.2635 6434.43 75.7685 6450.45 75.2778 6466.47 74.7914 6482.48 74.3093 6498.5 73.8314 6514.51 73.3577 6530.53 72.888 6546.55 72.4224 6562.56 71.9608 6578.58 71.5033 6594.59 71.0496 6610.61 70.5998 6626.63 70.1539 6642.64 69.7117 6658.66 69.2734 6674.67 68.8387 6690.69 68.4078 6706.71 67.9804 6722.72 67.5567 6738.74 67.1366 6754.75 66.7199 6770.77 66.3068 6786.79 65.8971 6802.8 65.4908 6818.82 65.0879 6834.83 64.6883 6850.85 64.2921 6866.87 63.8991 6882.88 63.5093 6898.9 63.1228 6914.91 62.7394 6930.93 62.3592 6946.95 61.982 6962.96 61.6079 6978.98 61.2369 6994.99 60.8689 7011.01 60.5038 7027.03 60.1417 7043.04 59.7826 7059.06 59.4263 7075.08 59.0728 7091.09 58.7222 7107.11 58.3744 7123.12 58.0293 7139.14 57.687 7155.16 57.3474 7171.17 57.0105 7187.19 56.6763 7203.2 56.3446 7219.22 56.0156 7235.24 55.6892 7251.25 143.264 7267.27 142.448 7283.28 141.639 7299.3 140.836 7315.32 140.04 7331.33 139.25 7347.35 138.466 7363.36 137.688 7379.38 136.916 7395.4 136.15 7411.41 135.39 7427.43 134.636 7443.44 133.887 7459.46 133.145 7475.48 132.408 7491.49 131.677 7507.51 130.951 7523.52 130.231 7539.54 129.516 7555.56 128.807 7571.57 128.103 7587.59 127.405 7603.6 126.711 7619.62 126.023 7635.64 125.34 7651.65 124.663 7667.67 123.99 7683.68 123.322 7699.7 122.659 7715.72 122.002 7731.73 121.349 7747.75 120.701 7763.76 120.057 7779.78 119.419 7795.8 118.785 7811.81 118.156 7827.83 117.531 7843.84 116.911 7859.86 116.296 7875.88 115.685 7891.89 115.078 7907.91 114.476 7923.92 113.878 7939.94 153.507 7955.96 152.74 7971.97 151.978 7987.99 151.221 8004 150.47 8020.02 149.724 8036.04 148.983 8052.05 148.248 8068.07 147.517 8084.08 146.792 8100.1 146.071 8116.12 145.355 8132.13 144.645 8148.15 143.939 8164.16 143.238 8180.18 142.542 8196.2 141.85 8212.21 141.163 8228.23 140.481 8244.24 139.804 8260.26 139.131 8276.28 138.462 8292.29 137.798 8308.31 137.139 8324.32 136.484 8340.34 135.833 8356.36 135.187 8372.37 134.545 8388.39 154.206 8404.4 153.476 8420.42 152.75 8436.44 152.029 8452.45 151.313 8468.47 150.6 8484.48 149.892 8500.5 149.188 8516.52 148.488 8532.53 147.793 8548.55 147.101 8564.56 146.414 8580.58 145.731 8596.6 145.052 8612.61 144.377 8628.63 143.706 8644.64 143.039 8660.66 142.376 8676.68 141.717 8692.69 141.062 8708.71 140.411 8724.72 139.764 8740.74 139.12 8756.76 138.48 8772.77 137.844 8788.79 137.212 8804.8 136.584 8820.82 135.959 8836.84 135.338 8852.85 134.721 8868.87 134.107 8884.88 133.497 8900.9 132.89 8916.92 132.288 8932.93 131.688 8948.95 131.092 8964.96 130.5 8980.98 129.911 8997 129.325 9013.01 128.743 9029.03 128.165 9045.05 127.589 9061.06 127.017 9077.08 126.449 9093.09 125.884 9109.11 125.322 9125.13 124.763 9141.14 124.207 9157.16 123.655 9173.17 123.106 9189.19 122.56 9205.21 122.017 9221.22 121.478 9237.24 120.941 9253.25 120.408 9269.27 119.877 9285.29 119.35 9301.3 118.826 9317.32 118.305 9333.33 117.786 9349.35 117.271 9365.37 116.759 9381.38 116.249 9397.4 115.743 9413.41 115.239 9429.43 114.738 9445.45 114.24 9461.46 113.745 9477.48 113.253 9493.49 112.764 9509.51 112.277 9525.53 111.793 9541.54 111.312 9557.56 110.833 9573.57 110.358 9589.59 109.885 9605.61 109.414 9621.62 108.946 9637.64 108.481 9653.65 108.019 9669.67 107.559 9685.69 107.101 9701.7 106.647 9717.72 106.194 9733.73 105.745 9749.75 105.297 9765.77 104.853 9781.78 104.41 9797.8 103.971 9813.81 103.533 9829.83 103.098 9845.85 102.666 9861.86 102.236 9877.88 101.808 9893.89 101.383 9909.91 100.96 9925.93 100.539 9941.94 100.121 9957.96 99.7045 9973.97 99.2907 9989.99 98.8792 10006 98.4699 10022 98.0629 10038 97.6581 10054.1 97.2556 10070.1 96.8552 10086.1 96.457 10102.1 96.061 10118.1 95.6671 10134.1 95.2754 10150.2 94.8858 10166.2 94.4983 10182.2 94.1129 10198.2 93.7296 10214.2 93.3484 10230.2 92.9692 10246.2 92.5921 10262.3 92.217 10278.3 91.8439 10294.3 91.4728 10310.3 91.1037 10326.3 90.7366 10342.3 90.3715 10358.4 90.0083 10374.4 89.647 10390.4 89.2877 10406.4 88.9303 10422.4 88.5748 10438.4 88.2212 10454.5 87.8695 10470.5 87.5196 10486.5 87.1716 10502.5 86.8254 10518.5 86.4811 10534.5 86.1386 10550.6 85.7979 10566.6 85.459 10582.6 85.1218 10598.6 84.7865 10614.6 84.4529 10630.6 84.121 10646.6 83.7909 10662.7 83.4625 10678.7 83.1359 10694.7 82.8109 10710.7 82.4876 10726.7 82.1661 10742.7 81.8461 10758.8 81.5279 10774.8 81.2113 10790.8 80.8964 10806.8 80.583 10822.8 80.2713 10838.8 79.9612 10854.9 79.6528 10870.9 79.3459 10886.9 79.0405 10902.9 78.7368 10918.9 78.4346 10934.9 78.134 10951 77.8349 10967 77.5373 10983 77.2413 10999 76.9467 11015 76.6537 11031 76.3622 11047 76.0721 11063.1 75.7835 11079.1 75.4964 11095.1 75.2107 11111.1 74.9265 11127.1 74.6438 11143.1 74.3624 11159.2 74.0825 11175.2 73.804 11191.2 73.5269 11207.2 73.2512 11223.2 72.9768 11239.2 72.7039 11255.3 72.4323 11271.3 72.1621 11287.3 71.8932 11303.3 71.6257 11319.3 71.3595 11335.3 71.0946 11351.4 70.831 11367.4 70.5688 11383.4 70.3079 11399.4 70.0482 11415.4 69.7899 11431.4 69.5328 11447.4 69.277 11463.5 69.0224 11479.5 68.7691 11495.5 68.5171 11511.5 68.2663 11527.5 68.0167 11543.5 67.7684 11559.6 67.5212 11575.6 67.2753 11591.6 67.0306 11607.6 66.7871 11623.6 66.5448 11639.6 66.3036 11655.7 66.0636 11671.7 65.8248 11687.7 65.5872 11703.7 65.3507 11719.7 65.1153 11735.7 64.8811 11751.8 64.648 11767.8 64.4161 11783.8 64.1852 11799.8 63.9555 11815.8 63.7269 11831.8 63.4994 11847.8 63.2729 11863.9 63.0476 11879.9 62.8233 11895.9 62.6002 11911.9 62.378 11927.9 62.157 11943.9 61.937 11960 61.718 11976 61.5001 11992 61.2832 12008 61.0673 12024 60.8525 12040 60.6387 12056.1 60.4259 12072.1 60.2141 12088.1 60.0033 12104.1 59.7935 12120.1 59.5847 12136.1 59.3768 12152.2 59.17 12168.2 58.9641 12184.2 58.7592 12200.2 58.5552 12216.2 58.3522 12232.2 58.1501 12248.2 57.949 12264.3 57.7488 12280.3 57.5496 12296.3 57.3512 12312.3 57.1538 12328.3 56.9573 12344.3 56.7618 12360.4 56.5671 12376.4 56.3733 12392.4 56.1804 12408.4 55.9884 12424.4 55.7973 12440.4 55.6071 12456.5 55.4177 12472.5 55.2293 12488.5 55.0416 12504.5 54.8549 12520.5 54.669 12536.5 54.4839 12552.6 54.2997 12568.6 54.1163 12584.6 53.9338 12600.6 53.7521 12616.6 53.5712 12632.6 53.3911 12648.6 53.2119 12664.7 53.0335 12680.7 52.8558 12696.7 52.679 12712.7 52.503 12728.7 52.3277 12744.7 52.1533 12760.8 51.9796 12776.8 51.8068 12792.8 51.6346 12808.8 51.4633 12824.8 51.2927 12840.8 51.1229 12856.9 50.9539 12872.9 50.7856 12888.9 50.6181 12904.9 50.4513 12920.9 50.2852 12936.9 50.1199 12953 49.9553 12969 49.7915 12985 49.6283 13001 49.4659 13017 49.3042 13033 49.1433 13049 48.983 13065.1 48.8234 13081.1 48.6646 13097.1 48.5064 13113.1 48.3489 13129.1 48.1922 13145.1 48.0361 13161.2 47.8807 13177.2 47.7259 13193.2 47.5719 13209.2 47.4185 13225.2 47.2658 13241.2 47.1137 13257.3 46.9623 13273.3 46.8116 13289.3 46.6615 13305.3 46.5121 13321.3 46.3633 13337.3 46.2152 13353.4 46.0677 13369.4 45.9208 13385.4 45.7746 13401.4 45.629 13417.4 45.484 13433.4 45.3396 13449.4 45.1959 13465.5 45.0528 13481.5 44.9102 13497.5 44.7683 13513.5 44.627 13529.5 44.4864 13545.5 44.3463 13561.6 44.2068 13577.6 44.0679 13593.6 43.9295 13609.6 43.7918 13625.6 43.6547 13641.6 43.5181 13657.7 43.3821 13673.7 43.2467 13689.7 43.1118 13705.7 42.9776 13721.7 42.8439 13737.7 42.7107 13753.8 42.5781 13769.8 42.4461 13785.8 42.3146 13801.8 42.1837 13817.8 42.0533 13833.8 41.9234 13849.8 41.7942 13865.9 41.6654 13881.9 41.5372 13897.9 41.4095 13913.9 41.2823 13929.9 41.1557 13945.9 41.0296 13962 40.904 13978 40.7789 13994 40.6544 14010 40.5304 14026 40.4068 14042 40.2838 14058.1 40.1613 14074.1 40.0393 14090.1 39.9178 14106.1 39.7968 14122.1 39.6763 14138.1 39.5563 14154.2 39.4368 14170.2 39.3177 14186.2 39.1992 14202.2 39.0811 14218.2 38.9635 14234.2 38.8464 14250.3 38.7298 14266.3 38.6136 14282.3 38.4979 14298.3 38.3827 14314.3 38.2679 14330.3 38.1537 14346.3 38.0398 14362.4 37.9265 14378.4 37.8135 14394.4 37.7011 14410.4 37.5891 14426.4 37.4775 14442.4 37.3664 14458.5 37.2557 14474.5 37.1455 14490.5 37.0357 14506.5 36.9264 14522.5 36.8175 14538.5 36.709 14554.6 36.601 14570.6 36.4934 14586.6 36.3862 14602.6 36.2794 14618.6 36.1731 14634.6 36.0672 14650.7 35.9617 14666.7 35.8566 14682.7 35.752 14698.7 35.6477 14714.7 35.5439 14730.7 35.4404 14746.7 35.3374 14762.8 35.2348 14778.8 35.1326 14794.8 35.0308 14810.8 34.9294 14826.8 34.8283 14842.8 34.7277 14858.9 34.6275 14874.9 34.5277 14890.9 34.4282 14906.9 34.3291 14922.9 34.2305 14938.9 34.1322 14955 34.0343 14971 33.9367 14987 33.8396 15003 33.7428 15019 33.6464 15035 33.5504 15051.1 33.4547 15067.1 33.3594 15083.1 33.2645 15099.1 33.1699 15115.1 33.0757 15131.1 32.9819 15147.1 32.8884 15163.2 32.7953 15179.2 32.7025 15195.2 32.6101 15211.2 32.5181 15227.2 32.4264 15243.2 32.335 15259.3 32.244 15275.3 32.1534 15291.3 32.063 15307.3 31.9731 15323.3 31.8834 15339.3 31.7942 15355.4 31.7052 15371.4 31.6166 15387.4 31.5283 15403.4 31.4404 15419.4 31.3527 15435.4 31.2655 15451.5 31.1785 15467.5 31.0919 15483.5 31.0056 15499.5 30.9196 15515.5 30.8339 15531.5 30.7486 15547.5 30.6636 15563.6 30.5789 15579.6 30.4945 15595.6 30.4104 15611.6 30.3266 15627.6 30.2432 15643.6 30.1601 15659.7 30.0772 15675.7 29.9947 15691.7 29.9125 15707.7 29.8306 15723.7 29.749 15739.7 29.6677 15755.8 29.5867 15771.8 29.506 15787.8 29.4256 15803.8 29.3455 15819.8 29.2657 15835.8 29.1861 15851.9 29.1069 15867.9 29.028 15883.9 28.9493 15899.9 28.8709 15915.9 28.7929 15931.9 28.7151 15947.9 28.6376 15964 28.5603 15980 28.4834 15996 28.4067 16012 28.3304 16028 28.2543 16044 28.1784 16060.1 28.1029 16076.1 28.0276 16092.1 27.9526 16108.1 27.8778 16124.1 27.8034 16140.1 27.7292 16156.2 27.6552 16172.2 27.5816 16188.2 27.5082 16204.2 27.435 16220.2 27.3622 16236.2 27.2896 16252.3 27.2172 16268.3 27.1451 16284.3 27.0733 16300.3 27.0017 16316.3 26.9304 16332.3 26.8593 16348.3 26.7885 16364.4 26.718 16380.4 26.6476 16396.4 26.5776 16412.4 26.5078 16428.4 26.4382 16444.4 26.3689 16460.5 26.2998 16476.5 26.231 16492.5 26.1624 16508.5 26.0941 16524.5 26.026 16540.5 25.9581 16556.6 25.8905 16572.6 25.8231 16588.6 25.756 16604.6 25.6891 16620.6 25.6224 16636.6 25.5559 16652.7 25.4897 16668.7 25.4238 16684.7 25.358 16700.7 25.2925 16716.7 25.2272 16732.7 25.1621 16748.7 25.0973 16764.8 25.0327 16780.8 24.9683 16796.8 24.9042 16812.8 24.8402 16828.8 24.7765 16844.8 24.713 16860.9 24.6497 16876.9 24.5867 16892.9 24.5239 16908.9 24.4612 16924.9 24.3988 16940.9 24.3366 16957 24.2747 16973 24.2129 16989 24.1514 17005 24.09 17021 24.0289 17037 23.968 17053.1 23.9073 17069.1 23.8468 17085.1 23.7865 17101.1 23.7264 17117.1 23.6665 17133.1 23.6068 17149.1 23.5473 17165.2 23.488 17181.2 23.429 17197.2 23.3701 17213.2 23.3114 17229.2 23.253 17245.2 23.1947 17261.3 23.1366 17277.3 23.0787 17293.3 23.021 17309.3 22.9635 17325.3 22.9062 17341.3 22.8491 17357.4 22.7922 17373.4 22.7355 17389.4 22.679 17405.4 22.6226 17421.4 22.5665 17437.4 22.5105 17453.5 22.4547 17469.5 22.3991 17485.5 22.3437 17501.5 22.2885 17517.5 22.2335 17533.5 22.1786 17549.5 22.124 17565.6 22.0695 17581.6 22.0152 17597.6 21.961 17613.6 21.9071 17629.6 21.8533 17645.6 21.7997 17661.7 21.7463 17677.7 21.6931 17693.7 21.64 17709.7 21.5872 17725.7 21.5344 17741.7 21.4819 17757.8 21.4296 17773.8 21.3774 17789.8 21.3253 17805.8 21.2735 17821.8 21.2218 17837.8 21.1703 17853.9 21.119 17869.9 21.0678 17885.9 21.0168 17901.9 20.966 17917.9 20.9153 17933.9 20.8648 17949.9 20.8144 17966 20.7643 17982 20.7143 17998 20.6644 18014 20.6147 18030 20.5652 18046 20.5158 18062.1 20.4666 18078.1 20.4176 18094.1 20.3687 18110.1 20.3199 18126.1 20.2714 18142.1 20.2229 18158.2 20.1747 18174.2 20.1266 18190.2 20.0786 18206.2 20.0308 18222.2 19.9832 18238.2 19.9357 18254.3 19.8884 18270.3 19.8412 18286.3 19.7941 18302.3 19.7473 18318.3 19.7005 18334.3 19.6539 18350.4 19.6075 18366.4 19.5612 18382.4 19.5151 18398.4 19.4691 18414.4 19.4232 18430.4 19.3775 18446.4 19.332 18462.5 19.2866 18478.5 19.2413 18494.5 19.1962 18510.5 19.1512 18526.5 19.1063 18542.5 19.0616 18558.6 19.0171 18574.6 18.9727 18590.6 18.9284 18606.6 18.8842 18622.6 18.8402 18638.6 18.7964 18654.7 18.7527 18670.7 18.7091 18686.7 18.6656 18702.7 18.6223 18718.7 18.5791 18734.7 18.5361 18750.8 18.4932 18766.8 18.4504 18782.8 18.4078 18798.8 18.3653 18814.8 18.3229 18830.8 18.2806 18846.8 18.2385 18862.9 18.1966 18878.9 18.1547 18894.9 18.113 18910.9 18.0714 18926.9 18.0299 18942.9 17.9886 18959 17.9474 18975 17.9063 18991 17.8654 19007 17.8245 19023 17.7838 19039 17.7433 19055.1 17.7028 19071.1 17.6625 19087.1 17.6223 19103.1 17.5822 19119.1 17.5422 19135.1 17.5024 19151.2 17.4627 19167.2 17.4231 19183.2 17.3836 19199.2 17.3443 19215.2 17.3051 19231.2 17.266 19247.2 17.227 19263.3 17.1881 19279.3 17.1494 19295.3 17.1107 19311.3 17.0722 19327.3 17.0338 19343.3 16.9955 19359.4 16.9574 19375.4 16.9193 19391.4 16.8814 19407.4 16.8435 19423.4 16.8058 19439.4 16.7682 19455.5 16.7308 19471.5 16.6934 19487.5 16.6561 19503.5 16.619 19519.5 16.582 19535.5 16.545 19551.6 16.5082 19567.6 16.4715 19583.6 16.435 19599.6 16.3985 19615.6 16.3621 19631.6 16.3258 19647.6 16.2897 19663.7 16.2536 19679.7 16.2177 19695.7 16.1819 19711.7 16.1462 19727.7 16.1105 19743.7 16.075 19759.8 16.0396 19775.8 16.0043 19791.8 15.9691 19807.8 15.934 19823.8 15.8991 19839.8 15.8642 19855.9 15.8294 19871.9 15.7947 19887.9 15.7601 19903.9 15.7257 19919.9 15.6913 19935.9 15.657 19952 15.6229 19968 15.5888 19984 15.5548 20000 15.521