Operating systems and Linux distributions: Difference between revisions

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list of linux distributions
(list of linux distributions)
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[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux GNU Linux] aims to be a free and open-source unix (or unix-like) operating system that will run on most types of computer hardware and uses an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System X11 graphical user interface]. Various [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_distribution distributions of GNU/Linux] exist that have different package management systems and other features. Most of these are ideal platforms for X-ray crystallography and other scientific computational requirements.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux GNU Linux] aims to be a free and open-source unix (or unix-like) operating system that will run on most types of computer hardware and uses an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System X11 graphical user interface]. Various [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_distribution distributions of GNU/Linux] exist that have different package management systems and other features. Most of these are ideal platforms for X-ray crystallography and other scientific computational requirements.
===Linux Distributions===
This list is taken directly from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_distribution Wikipedia's article on Linux Distributions]:
Well-known Linux distributions include:
* [[Fedora (Linux distribution)|Fedora]] which is a community distribution sponsored by [[Red Hat]]
* [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]], which is a derivative of [[Fedora (Linux distribution)|Fedora]]  maintained and commercially supported by [[Red Hat]]
* [[CentOS]], a distribution derived from the same sources used by Red Hat, maintained by a dedicated volunteer community of developers with both 100% Red Hat - compatible versions and an upgraded version that is not always 100% upstream compatible
* [[Debian]], a non-commercial distribution maintained by a volunteer developer community with a strong commitment to free software principles
* [[Ubuntu (Linux distribution)|Ubuntu]], a newly popular desktop distribution maintained by [[Canonical Ltd|Canonical]] that is derived from Debian.
* [[Mandriva Linux|Mandriva]], a Red Hat derivative popular in France and Brazil, today maintained by the French company of the same name
* [[openSUSE]], originally derived from Slackware, sponsored by the company [[Novell]]
* [[Gentoo Linux|Gentoo]], a distribution targeted at [[power user]]s, known for its [[FreeBSD Ports]]-like automated system for compiling applications from source code
* [[Knoppix]], a [[LiveCD]] distribution that runs completely from [[removable media]] and without installation to a hard disk
* [[Slackware]], one of the first Linux distributions, founded in 1993, and since then actively maintained by [[Patrick J. Volkerding]]
* [[Linspire]], a commercial desktop distribution based on Ubuntu (and thus Debian), and once the defendant in the [[Microsoft vs. Lindows]] lawsuit over its former name.
[[DistroWatch]] maintains a popularity ranking of distribution information on its web site, but this is not considered to be a reliable measure of distribution popularity.
===Useful Links===
* [http://xanana.ucsc.edu/~wgscott/xtal/wiki/index.php/Scientific_Computing_on_Ubuntu Crystallography on Ubuntu Linux]


==Mac OS X==
==Mac OS X==
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